Suspension, steering and chassis setup is very complex. Swaybars, springs, damping, alignment, they all affect the handling and are tightly related to each other. Changing one spec, affects others. It is impossible to say that one setup is the best on all aspects and drive conditions (weather, track, surface...). It might be an overall good setup, that works decently on a street, yet is very capable on a track, but it's not perfect. It's a compromise between these two. Track cars are too stiff on a road and street driven cars are too soft. Damping (rebound mostly) and swaybars allow you too quickly fix that to a certain level, so swaybars are a good tuning tool and are used also in F1 and other top level motorsports, however they do have limitations and are not to be considered as a solely upgrade to improve your suspension. They should be considered as a part of suspension tuning.
Spring stiffness
If road comfort is not an issue and you are looking for a fast track setup with still driveable car on the street, go as stiff as you can that your car will still be driveable on the road. If you'll go stiffer, the car will feel skittish and harsh and will rather fly over bumps and imperfections than keep the connection between the wheels and the ground. It's dangerous and it is not fast. On the street, you want the suspension travel to "work". On a 4C, for fast street setup, which occasionally might see the track, I'd suggest 52 N/mm (front) and 70 N/mm (rear). For track focused 4C, I'd say 65 N/mm (front) and 80 N/mm (rear) is as stiff as I would go to still have the car streetable. Of course, running an aero package, the spring rates should be stiffened up accordingly to prevent the car from bottoming out at high speeds. Car with soft springs and huge wing at the rear will glide like a speeding boat with front end higher than the back, messing up all the handling. Stiff springs are a must on aero effective cars.
Swaybars
Swaybars / ARB's are a very effective tool for tuning the suspension. As some of you have mentioned above, there are pros and cons. By working smart you can use them in your own advantage. Automakers prefer to add swaybars to rather soft spring setup, over stiff springs and no swaybars, because this way they prevent the car from excessively body rolling, yet maintain the ride comfort. 4C is such case.
Swaybars can be used to stiffen up the car in corners and prevent excessive body roll, especially on stock setup, but they won't solve the dive and squat issue.
Adjsutable swaybars are far superior to non adjustable swaybars, because as the name says it, - they can be adjusted, while non adjustable, are only on/off, which rules out the chance of adjusting understeer / oversteer characteristics.
Adjsutable swaybars are the best way too quickly change the understeer/oversteer characteristics of the car. Let's say you go to a fast open track, with long sweepers where you definitely don't want a tail happy 4C, so you put the rear swaybar from stiff to soft and you get much more planted rear end, with entire car more prone to understeer, which in this case, on this track, won't be an issue as understeer is a slow corners issue. Now, you're running a decent lap times and the rain is coming for the final run. This same setup will be much too stiff in wet to get any decent lap times out of it. The grip will be severly reduced, therefore the alignment (negative camber) will be far too agressive to utilize entire tire patch as the car will lean far less now and you'll end up with a totally incompetitive setup. Again, swaybars are your savior. Soften or even disconnect them to allow the car to body roll more, to get the tire patch back to the ground and generate more grip. Next week, you go for an auto X with slow and tight corners, where this same setup will understeer heavily. Reconnect the swaybars, set the front to soft and rear to stiff and the car will nicely rotate through the tight corners with this prone to oversteer setup. None of this adjustments are possible without adjustable swaybars, unless you change the springs, which is not really doable.
Ditching the swaybars, will require you to run stiffer springs and more aggressive alignment to compensate for body roll and you will be left without any adjustment for understeer/oversteer. In 4C's case, it is the design of the swaybars, that renders them not too effective. They have very long leverages are hollowed and small in diameter, so in OEM format they are not too effective. Proper swaybars for 4C should be adjustable and massive (in diameter) to make a difference to a handling. However, going too stiff with swaybars will provide suspension binding which is mostly noticeable on rough surface (street) and not much on the track. Some car run axle beam at the rear, yet they are fast on the track, because the surface is usually smooth and suspension travel is only few cm up and down, so suspension binding due to swaybars is not a problem. On other hand, in extreme case - offroad, you don't wan't swaybars at all to allow the tires to work independently and maintain the grip. The biggest issue I have with swaybars set to too stiff at the rear is the inner wheelspin on tight autoX tracks, but this is something LSD should fix soon. Of course added weight is a minus too, but it is at the lowest point of the car so it shouldn't be too much of a concern.
Damping:
Damping is a tuning of suspension's rebound and compression. How fast they extend and how fast they compress. Some coilovers have more adjustment than others and some have none. These settings only affect the corner entry and corner exit. If your car is tail happy on corner entry, you crank up the front compression and crank up the rear rebound. If your car understeers on corner exit, you crank up rear compression and crank up front rebound, and so on. If your car is understeering in mid corner, these settings won't help, but swaybars will.
So what would be an ideal setup:
It all depends on your planned use. A street setup is different from track setup as we have mentioned above, so understand your needs and don't follow others. Setup that works for others might not work for your needs, your tracks and your tires or perhaps, it's not good at all. I was always down on power compared to other competitors, so I had to find through the corners and braking what other gained on me on the straights, therefore I always spent lots of time fine tuning my suspension and alignment, so the suspension tuning is not such a black magic to me as it was when I first got my adjustable KW V3's years ago on my previous car. It requires a good understanding of theory of suspension (to know what to change) and lots of driving (to get the feeling of the car and required changes). I also keep a log book for each event where I write all the details (springs, damping, swaybars, alignment, tire pressure and personal notes). I also run different setup from track to track and for wet and dry and I always look in to the log book when I need to set it up accordingly as it is simply too many settings to keep them all in the head.
Spring rates:
According to your use (street / track / tires). Follow the upper recommendation for good baseline setup
Swaybars:
Adjustable
Damping:
Single adjustable (rebound only) is a great choice for those who don't plan to fine tuning the suspension much. If you want to install and drive, than that's it. You can soften the rebound for street driving and then crank it up when you go to the track few times a year. A very versatile setup for majority of trackdayers.
Fully adjustable (rebound, compression,...). for those who like to push the limits, like to learn and research. For "grinders" who visit same tracks over and over again and never get bored of looking for a perfect lap. I have two tracks that I know very well and these two serve me as a reference for fine tuning. When I go to a new track for the first time, I never tune the suspension, but use a solid previous base setup. Once I know the track well and I know the limit is in the car not me, then I start fine tuning the suspension.
Alignment:
Best and simple advice would be. Use your entire tire patch. Cars that roll a lot and are somewhat soft on the spring rates, should run more negative camber than stiff cars with less body roll. We do provide recommended alignment setups for our customers which serve as a base line, but the perfect setup will require more individual approach.
LSD:
Yes, please. There are no negative effects of LSD and every sports car should have it. The only reason they don't, is the cost and rebuild cost (clutch type). I plan to get one for next season - Drexler LSD clutch type.